 |
||||||||||||
 |
||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
 |
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
Bone Marrow Transplants In India |
|||||||||||||
Major hospitals in India have oncology units
comprising surgical oncology, medical and radiation therapy as well
as the crucial Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT). The BMT unit with
high pressure hipa filters has helped achieve a very high success
rate in the various types of transplantation. Cord Blood Transplant and Mismatched Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant have been performed successfully in India, a feat that is remarkable and significant, considering the fact that the treatment costs one-tenth of what it does in the west. Special surgeons are available for individual organs. Plastic surgeons of repute provide treatment for head and neck cancer, breast cancer and other malignancies. Facilities offered include tele-therapy which includes simulation work stations to ensure high precision and safety during treatment at the 18 MV linear accelerator or telecobalt machines, brachy therapy and 3-D planning systems. In orthopedics, the Ilizarov technique is practiced for the treatment of limb deformities, limb shortening and disfiguration. TYPES of Bone Marrow Transplants;Autologous and Allogeneic TransplantsTwo important requirements for a bone marrow transplant are the donor and the recipient. Sometimes, the donor and the recipient may be the same person. This type of transplant is called an autologous transplant. It is typically used in cases in which a person's bone marrow is generally healthy but will be destroyed due to medical treatment for diseases such as breast cancer and Hodgkin's disease. Most bone marrow transplants are autologous. If a person's bone marrow is unsuitable for an autologous transplant, the bone marrow must be derived from another person in an allogeneic transplant. Allogeneic transplants are more complicated because of proteins called human lymphocyte antigens (HLA) that are on the surface of bone marrow cells. If the donor and the recipient have very dissimilar antigens, the recipient's immune system regards the donor's bone marrow cells as invaders and launches a destructive attack against them. Such an attack negates any benefits offered by the transplant. What is HLA MATCHING?There are only five major HLA classes or types-designated HLA-A,-B, -C,-D, and class III-but much variation within the groupings. For example, HLA-A from one individual may be similar to, but not the same as, HLA-A in another individual; such a situation can render a transplant from one to the other impossible.HLA matching is more likely if the donor and recipient are related, particularly if they are siblings; however, an unrelated donor may be a potential match. Only in rare cases is matching HLA types between two people not an issue: if the recipient has an identical twin. Identical twins carry the same genes; therefore, the same antigens. A bone marrow transplant between identical twins is called a syngeneic transplant. NEW ADVANCEMENTS in Bone Marrow Transplantation Haploidentical Allogeneic BMT for patients without donors Haploidentical Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant offers an innovative option for patients who cannot be suitably matched with a family member, or who do not have an unrelated donor readily available for transplant. This technique makes it possible to use partially matched family members as donors. In this new procedure, peripheral blood stem cells are collected from the donor, and depleted of T cell lymphocytes known to cause graft-versus-host disease. The first treatment phase for the patient includes chemotherapy, immunosuppressive drugs, and radiation. Transplant specialists can then infuse the prepared cells from the donor into the patient's body. This transplant method allows physicians to select a partially matched donor from the patient's family whose white blood cells will act as natural killer cells against the leukemic cells of the patient. Peripheral blood stem cell transplants A relatively recent development in stem cell transplantation is the use of peripheral blood cells instead of stem cells from bone marrow. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are obtained from circulating blood rather than from bone marrow, but the amount of stem cells found in the peripheral blood is much smaller than the amount of stem cells found in the bone marrow. Peripheral blood stem cells can be used in either autologous or allogeneic transplants. The majority of PBSC transplants are autologous. However, recent clinical studies indicate that PBSCs are being used more frequently than bone marrow for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The advantages of PBSC transplants when compared to bone marrow transplants are: in allogeneic transplantation, haematopoietic and immune recovery are faster with PBSCs which reduces the potential for disease recurrence, primarily graft-versus-host-disease. In autologous transplantation, the use of PBSCs can result in faster blood count recoveries. Also, some medical conditions exist in which the recipient cannot accept bone marrow stem cell transplants, but can accept PBSC transplants. Some possible disadvantages to PBSC transplant versus bone marrow transplantation are: so much more fluid volume is necessary to collect enough PBSCs that, at the time of infusing the new stem cells into the recipient, the fluid can collect in the lungs or cause temporary kidney problems. Also, the time commitment for the donor for a PBSC transplant is considerable. When the PBSCs are being collected, several outpatient sessions are needed and each session lasts approximately two-four hours. |
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
An easy guide to some of the scientific
terminology. |
|||||||||||||
| Home :: About us :: Services :: Treatment :: Links :: Contact us :: Terms & Conditions :: Site Map |
|
Copyright © 2005 - 2018
www.mediescapes.com All rights
reserved. This unique medical value travel portal website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties. (This webpage last reviewed on 01st. May 2018) |